Teracom Newsletter - June 2022 In this issue:
BOOT CAMP
Student evaluations from the May 2022 BOOT CAMP Live Online "Thank you again for such an informative class. It has given me a deeper understanding of the communication technology my program provides. This seminar helped me understand the basics of communication traffic signals and how they are labeled and transported across networks. I liked the logical layer upon layer approach to presenting the technical and complex communication environment. The instructor was nerdy in a fun and engaging way. I enjoyed his teaching style." "This seminar was excellent. I learned so much and until this week, I didn't realize how many 'light-bulbs' I had in my head, because the connections were lighting up like 4th of July! I really enjoyed the layout of the class. The manual is written in layman's terms and as a non-engineer, I appreciated it. The instructor, Richard, was the best. Loved his style of teaching, from the manual, real-life examples/stories, humor, and diagrams. Thank you! I truly enjoyed this course and the way it was presented." "This class was beneficial for me on three overall levels: Professional, Personal and Educational. Even though this class was taught in a professional (work) setting, the material is relatable on multiple levels. Anyone who is interested in technology and communication should definitely take this course. The instructor is flat out phenomenal! The subject taught at hand was multifaceted and dense. In short, this class is not easy to teach or swallow as a student but the instructor created an relaxed environment. His expertise and comical attitude made it easier to relate to the material taught. The instructor used a myriad of visual aids to help build the bridge for the student to learn or at least understand the material. Teracom could not have chosen a better person in my opinion." "I need to know about telecommunications for my job but I have very little technical experience or knowledge. I have taken several introductory telecommunication courses over the past six years and this is by far the best one I've ever taken. I now have confidence in my basic knowledge of telecommunications after completing the course. It was amazing to see how telecommunications works and how the various components work together. The course materials are excellent, well organized, and has enough details in the diagrams to be helpful but not so much it becomes overwhelming. I found the explanations (on the even pages) next to the slides/diagrams to be very informative and clear. The instructor is fantastic! Highest recommendation! Seriously! The instructor is incredibly knowledgeable and continuously made relevant correlations to real-world situations. I do not have a technical background. This instructor kept my attention for three days and I was able to follow and understand a vast majority of what he was teaching. He clearly loves teaching and knows his stuff! I would happily sign up for another course if I knew he would be teaching it. Usually I like training courses that have group discussions and activities to break up the content; however, I liked the almost continuous lecture for this course. (The instructor was very open to questions though.) The instructor is exceptionally knowledgeable and I felt I got more from listening to him than I would have received from group discussions or activities." Tutorial: Network Core Nodes Section 10.6.4 of Telecom 101: Sixth Edition 2022 A carrier's network core, colloquially referred to as their backbone, provides high-capacity, high-availability connections, notionally between cities. The connections can be between Central Offices, wire centers, toll centers, other switching centers, CATV head ends, Mobile Telephone Switching Offices, Internet Exchanges and/or data centers. Fiber optics is used as the basis of the connections since it can support very high numbers of bits per second. Lower-speed (and lower-cost) circuits are used to provide access to this core to users. 
FIGURE 121 NETWORK CORE NODE
At the end of each fiber that makes up the network core is a router. The router is sometimes called a network node, after the French word for knot. In some cases, the entire building housing this router is called a node. A knot, because in addition to connecting core fibers to other cities, the many local access fibers to buildings, neighborhoods, cell sites and everything else are also connected to the core at this node. Figure 121 provides a closer look at the architecture of a core network node. DWDM (Section 10.4) is used on core fibers to increase the capacity connecting routers in different cities to bit rates measured in the Terabits per second. A gateway router is placed as a point of traffic control between access circuits on the right and the core router on the left. This gateway router also implements MPLS (Chapter 17), which is used to manage capacity on the network circuits. Terminating a physical fiber means plugging it into an Optical Ethernet SFP transceiver inserted in a hardware port in a rack-mount device. Routers are built with a relatively small number of hardware ports between which they can relay packets at line speed. Some of these ports would terminate core fibers, and others terminate connections to aggregation devices for access fibers via that node's gateway router as illustrated in Figure 121. Layer 2 switches (Section 15.4) with up to hundreds of Optical Ethernet hardware ports each are used to terminate the access fibers, which can number in the thousands. Layer 2 switches are also data concentration or aggregation devices, interspersing traffic from all of the access circuits into high-speed streams to feed to the router. Everything works in both directions at the same time. Layer 2 switches also implement VLANs (Section 15.5), a critical tool for segregating different users on the same access fibers in cooperation with additional Layer 2 switches connected downstream, as described in the next section. - - - This is one small piece of Telecom 101. Join thousands of satisfied customers, and get the entire book today! - - - Your colleagues may be interested... would you please forward this to them? Many thanks,
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